网上科普有关“美国现代人权运动（modern civil rights）是如何发生的啊？”话题很是火热，小编也是针对美国现代人权运动（modern civil rights）是如何发生的啊？寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，希望能够帮助到您。

人权运动 主要是指黑人的为了自由引发的“人道主义”运动，要求政府给予黑人自由 给予平等权利，禁止歧视，最早当然是林肯的“解放黑奴宣言”，由此引发南北战争，后来内战结束了，可种族歧视任然存在，后来就有了马丁的华盛顿游行，就一直持续到现在

我国公民的基本权利是什么

民主，是一个与独裁,寡头政治,君主制相对的政治制度。在民主国家，民选的，可变的公民代表决定了国家的走向，而非一个固化不变的少数掌权阶级。

民主这个词源于希腊语，意义为人民的统治，“rule by the people”。

今天的民主定义起源于17和18世纪启蒙时代。在美国十二位伟大的国父写下了影响世界的《独立宣言》，和美国宪法后。民主的意义发生了蜕变，它现在意味着：有一个权利分散的政府，这个政府可以保障基本的公民权利（basic civil rights），宗教自由（religious freedom）和政教分离。

更具体的，可以分为议会民主（Parliamentary democracy），杰克逊式民主（Jacksonian democracy），还有社会民主（Social democracy）。

参考资料：

“What Is Democracy? Definition, Types & History”，作者Kim Ann Zimmermann

急求关于civil-rights heroes(人权斗争领袖）的英文介绍，大概300词左右

公民的基本权利：

1、法律面前一律平等；

2、政治权利和自由，包括选举权和被选举权，言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威的自由；

3、宗教信仰自由；

4、人身与人格权，包括人身自由不受侵犯，人格尊严不受侵犯，住宅不受侵犯，通信自由和通信秘密受法律保护；

5、监督权，包括对国家机关及其工作人员有批评、建议、申诉、控告、检举并依法取得赔偿的权利；

6、社会经济权利，包括劳动权利，劳动者休息权利，退休人员生活保障权利，因年老、疾病、残疾或丧失劳动能力时从国家和社会获得社会保障与物质帮助的权利；

7、社会文化权利和自由，包括受教育权利，进行科研、文艺创作和其他文化活动的自由；

8、妇女保护权，包括妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有同男子同等的权利；

9、婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家保护；

10、华侨、归侨和侨眷的正当权利和利益受国家保护。

扩展资料：

公民的基本权利(fundamentalright)和基本义务(fundamentalduty)，是指由宪法所确认的、作为公民所应当享有和履行的最起码的法律权利和义务。

基本权利和义务的范围各国不一致，主要是根据各自的民族传统和需要确定。基本权利和基本义务属于法律权利义务的范畴，但它们高于一般的法律权利义务。具体表现在：

第一，它们对于国家和公民来说，都是必不可少的。所以，在现代社会，基本权利是这样一种权利——公民如不享有，则不成其为国家主人或主权者;基本义务是一种公民如不履行、国家就不能进行有效的管理的义务。

第二，因为宪法就是处理公民与国家基本政治关系的法律，所以，宪法规定基本权利和义务，目的主要是为了确认公民有对抗政府的可能侵犯手段，使政府不能随意剥夺;同时，基本义务的规定，也可赋予政府以合法的强制手段，使个别公民不能借主权者的地位拒绝履行对社会应尽的责任。

第三，基本权利和义务构成了普通法律权利和义务的基础或原则。

第四，基本权利有一个区别于普通法律权利的重要特点，即有些基本权利是不能放弃的，如人身自由权，只能被法律剥夺，而不能自动放弃。

另外，还应了解到，在宪法学上，如上一章所述，我国的“公民”和“人民”是两个不同的概念。

首先，公民是法律概念，与外国人和无国籍人相对应;人民是政治概念，与敌人相对应，在不同历史时期有着不同的内涵。在现阶段，依据《宪法》序言第10段的规定，人民是指全体社会主义劳动者、拥护社会主义的爱国者和拥护祖国统一的爱国者。

所以其次，二者的法律地位也有区别。我们讲“人民的权利”，主要是指人民当家作主的政治权利;讲“公民的权利”，指的是所有具有中国国籍的人所享有的法律权利。

第三，地位的不同导致了二者在享受权利方面的差异。公民中的人民，享有宪法和法律规定的全部权利并履行全部义务;而公民中的敌人则不能享受全部的法律权利，也不允许他们履行公民的某些光荣义务。

第四，二者的范围也不同。我国公民的范围要比人民的范围更广泛，除了包括人民以外，还包括人民的敌人。

第五，公民通常所表达的是个体的概念，人民所表达的是群体的概念。

除了基本权利的概念外，我们还将谈到“宪法权利”和“公民权”两个词汇。

一般而言，宪法权利(constitutionalrights)就是宪法规定的公民的基本权利，但在有些国家，宪法权利的外延要广于基本权利，在建立了司法审查制的国家中，宪法权利还包括宪法没有明确规定、而由司法机关所确认的公民权。

公民权也可以称为民权(civilrights)，其基础和主要内容都属于宪法权利，尽管一般也以公民资格为享受权利的条件，但其范围非常广泛，几乎涉及到个人社会生活的各个方面。

百度百科-公民的基本权利

civil-rights heroes有很多，比较著名的有

Abraham,Martin,John,Charles Dickens ,tc.

1.Dr.Martin Luther King

Dr.Martin Luther King was a vital figure of the modern era.The movements and marches he led gave black and poor people hope and a sense of dignity.His philosophy nonviolent direct action,and his strategies of rational and nondestructive social change,galvanized the conscience of this nation and recordered its priorities.On April 4th 1968,Dr.King is assassinated as he standed talking on the balcony of his second-floor room in at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis.He died at St.Joseph's Hospital from a gunshot wound in the neck.

2.Charles Dickens

'Halloa! Below there!'

When he heard a voice thus calling to him, he was standing at the door of his box, with a flag in his hand, furled round its short pole. One would have thought, considering the nature of the ground, that he could not have doubted from what quarter the voice came; but instead of looking up to where I stood on the top of the steep cutting nearly over his head, he turned himself about, and looked down the Line. There was something remarkable in his manner of doing so, though I could not have said for my life what. But I know it was remarkable enough to attract my notice, even though his figure was foreshortened and shadowed, down in the deep trench, and mine was high above him, so steeped in the glow of an angry sunset, that I had shaded my eyes with my hand before I saw him at all.

'Halloa! Below!'

From looking down the Line, he turned himself about again, and, raising his eyes, saw my figure high above him.

'Is there any path by which I can come down and speak to you?'

He looked up at me without replying, and I looked down at him without pressing him too soon with a repetition of my idle question. Just then there came a vague vibration in the earth and air, quickly changing into a violent pulsation, and an oncoming rush that caused me to start back, as though it had force to draw me down. When such vapour as rose to my height from this rapid train had passed me, and was skimming away over the landscape, I looked down again, and saw him refurling the flag he had shown while the train went by.

I repeated my inquiry. After a pause, during which he seemed to regard me with fixed attention, he motioned with his rolled-up flag towards a point on my level, some two or three hundred yards distant. I called down to him, 'All right!' and made for that point. There, by dint of looking closely about me, I found a rough zigzag descending path notched out, which I followed.

The cutting was extremely deep, and unusually precipitate. It was made through a clammy stone, that became oozier and wetter as I went down. For these reasons, I found the way long enough to give me time to recall a singular air of reluctance or compulsion with which he had pointed out the path.

When I came down low enough upon the zigzag descent to see him again, I saw that he was standing between the rails on the way by which the train had lately passed, in an attitude as if he were waiting for me to appear. He had his left hand at his chin, and that left elbow rested on his right hand, crossed over his breast. His attitude was one of such expectation and watchfulness that I stopped a moment, wondering at it.

I resumed my downward way, and stepping out upon the level of the railroad, and drawing nearer to him, saw that he was a dark sallow man, with a dark beard and rather heavy eyebrows. His post was in as solitary and dismal a place as ever I saw. On either side, a dripping-wet wall of jagged stone, excluding all view but a strip of sky; the perspective one way only a crooked prolongation of this great dungeon; the shorter perspective in the other direction terminating in a gloomy red light, and the gloomier entrance to a black tunnel, in whose massive architecture there was a barbarous, depressing, and forbidding air. So little sunlight ever found its way to this spot, that it had an earthy, deadly smell; and so much cold wind rushed through it, that it struck chill to me, as if I had left the natural world.

Before he stirred, I was near enough to him to have touched him. Not even then removing his eyes from mine, he stepped back one step, and lifted his hand.

This was a lonesome post to occupy (I said), and it had riveted my attention when I looked down from up yonder. A visitor was a rarity, I should suppose; not an unwelcome rarity, I hoped? In me, he merely saw a man who had been shut up within narrow limits all his life, and who, being at last set free, had a newly-awakened interest in these great works. To such purpose I spoke to him; but I am far from sure of the terms I used; for, besides that I am not happy in opening any conversation, there was something in the man that daunted me.

He directed a most curious look towards the red light near the tunnel's mouth, and looked all about it, as if something were missing from it, and then looked it me.

That light was part of his charge? Was it not?

He answered in a low voice,--'Don't you know it is?'

The monstrous thought came into my mind, as I perused the fixed eyes and the saturnine face, that this was a spirit, not a man. I have speculated since, whether there may have been infection in his mind.

In my turn, I stepped back. But in making the action, I detected in his eyes some latent fear of me. This put the monstrous thought to flight.

3.Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky, on February 12th, 1809. The son of Thomas Lincoln, a frontiersman whose own father had been killed by Native Americans, the years leading up to Abraham's adulthood were marred by poverty. His mother, Nancy, died of "milk sickness" when Abraham was ten, and the family moved to Indiana. The year after, Thomas Lincoln married Sarah Bush Johnston, who encouraged Abraham's education. Though he had little formal schooling, he could read and write. In 1830, when Abraham was twenty-one years old, his family moved again, this time to Illinois, and Abraham decided to go his own way.

Abraham joined the Illinois militia during the Black Hawk War. In 1832, he ran and was defeated for Illinois State Legislature, but in 1834, at age twenty-four, he ran again and was elected as a Whig and served for four terms. After receiving his law license in 1836, Lincoln married Mary Todd on November 4th, 1842. In 1847, Lincoln was elected to and served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives. In 1856, Lincoln changed his political alliance to the Republican Party, but lost a Senate election to Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas. By 1860, Lincoln was a well-known presidential candidate. He was inaugurated in March of 1861 as the sixteenth President of the United States.

During 1861, southern states were trying to secede from the Union of the United States and form their own country. Lincoln, though against the separation, made clear in his inaugural address that he held no malice toward the South: "There need be no blood-shed or violence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy, and possess the property and places belonging to the government, and to collect the duties and imposts; but beyond what may be necessary for these objects, there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere." On April 12th, 1861, the Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston, and the Civil War began. Two years later, on January 1st, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, a declaration that stated that "all slaves in States or parts of States then in rebellion" were free. On April 9th, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox, ending the war.

"I leave you, hoping that the lamp of liberty will burn in your bosoms until there shall no longer be a doubt that all men are created free and equal." (Abraham Lincoln)

On April 14th, 1865 at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes-Booth. He died on April 15th from the wound. Though he never authored any books, Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, given on November 19th, 1863, is one of the best-known speeches of any decade. "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this."

超级累呀，一定要加分哦~~

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